This is me right after my third birth experience.  I have three sons.  Although each of their birth stories are completely different from one another, when I consider these stories from the perspective of considering the prenatal care and hospital care during their births, the stories are very similar.  I received excellent care with all three of my births and pregnancy.  No expense was ever spared by my doctor, hospital, or insurance company in ensuring that me and my children remained healthy throughout the entire process.  This picture is of my and my youngest son, Boomer.  There were a lot of concerns during my pregnancy with Boomer and it was suspected that there would be a few different health problems with him.  I must have had twenty different ultrasounds and my husband and I spent the last five months of my pregnancy running from one specialist to the next.  Boomer is now a perfectly healthy seven-year-old.  I wonder, however, if this would be true had I been a pregnant mother in another country.
  I looked into a few different articles of the typical birth process in the Phillipines.  It sounds as if the wealthy population in this country may have much the same experiences that I did and may have access to a similar quality of care.  However, it sounds as if this may not be true for the less wealthy population in the Phillipines.  Below are a couple of articles explaining this.  I was shocked to read that postpartum care included staying very warm and remaining indoors for thirty to forty days.  That sounds unreal!  I also couldn't believe the writer talking about issues with birth control and how it was not uncommon to see dead babies floating down the streams that they were tossed into.  I couldn't imagine seeing a doctor go from working on one vagina to the next without ever changing gloves.  I also don't know if I could convince my husband to bury the afterbirth for me.  These types of things seem unreal to me, in the United States.  However, it doesn't seem as if it would be so hard to believe for one who is living in the Phillipines.

 

Birth the Filipino Way
by Denie Heppner

© 2011 Midwifery Today, Inc. All rights reserved.

[Editor’s note: This article first appeared in Midwifery Today Issue 97, Spring 2011.]
It’s 6 am; the sky is beginning to lighten in the east. I walk the two blocks from my house to my clinic, Gentle Hands. The air is cool and the city is still quiet. I walk up the stairs to the delivery room and enter to find exhausted midwives turning their weary eyes towards me.
“She just can’t push anymore, Denie,” says my Scottish midwife.
I look around the room. The sweating, panting mom trembles and weeps, the atmosphere heavy with fatigue and despair. Suddenly the rush comes, the familiar electric sense that I know what to do, that it will be done.
“I’ll take this shift,” I say gently to the midwives. “Why don’t you guys go have breakfast.”
I look the mom in the face.
“Kaya mo ‘yan,” I tell her in Filipino dialect. “You can do this.”
Gloves on, as the sun rises, I let the power flow through my voice, my hands, my spirit. “Come on, mama…push!”
She raises her pleading eyes and something changes. She begins to work. Dad begins to speak loud words of encouragement.
“Sige na, iiri ka na!” (Come on, push!)
I shout gladly, watching the energetic baby burst out onto the perineum. My hands do their magic—as if stretching on their own. They cajole, they feed power to the mother and a vigorous baby is born with the sunrise. We are all giddy with relief and excitement and the grateful parents name the baby after me, “Denie Hands” because “my hands are magic.”
For 20 years, as a missionary midwife working among the urban poor women of metro Manila, I taught prenatal classes and delivered babies. My husband Dennis and I founded Gentle Hands in 1990 as a foundation to help poor, urban women whose only birthing options were crowded, filthy government hospitals or staying at home with an untrained hilot. We grew from humble beginnings in our living room where I taught prenatal classes to a well-equipped level four birthing center. I trained local midwives to a higher standard of care, given with respect and love to each woman. Along the way, I, the stranger, the foreigner to this culture, learned a lot.
The Philippines is a matriarchal society: the mother reigns supreme. But for all of that, women are disadvantaged in many ways. Among those who live below the poverty line (in 2010 it was 32.9%) there is a great deal of superstition due to lack of education. Birth control is perceived as abortion in many cases. Nevertheless, abortion attempts are common: by taking herbal medicines, by ingesting drugs, by hilot “massage.” These attempts often result in damaged babies and maternal death. In some of the very poor areas of metro Manila, it is not uncommon to find fetuses floating in the estuaries. In all of my 15 years of teaching childbirth classes, birth control was a sticky subject.
“I’ll get fat.” “My husband will get a girlfriend.” “I’ll become weak.” These were some of the cultural and social stigmas that most women were not prepared to confront.
And male birth control? Hopeless. We offered free vasectomies for five years and had only two takers.
“He’ll go girl-crazy.” “He won’t be able to have sex again.” “He won’t be able to lift anything or work again.” On and on the superstitions went.
Filipino women are beautiful, and tiny by Caucasian standards. Most are around five feet tall and many of them, even at a full-term pregnancy, weigh just around 100 lb. Many of them have bleeding problems at birth due to diets deficient in protein and vitamins. Hypertension is quite common. We used to treat it very simply by giving women boiled chicken and lots of water for just a few days. Approximately 75% of the women I worked with had an estimated blood loss (EBL) of 500 ml or more.
Expectant moms are often told by family and friends not to eat too much so the baby doesn’t get too big to come out. They are advised to wear a bigkis—a type of rope tied above the growing uterus to keep it down low. They are not supposed to lift or carry or walk too much; however, the easiest births were with the women who were active, who squatted daily to do their washing in a basin on the floor, who worked hard and carried heavy loads and other children on their bulging bellies. We actually coined a term, “pastor’s wife syndrome,” for women who were mollycoddled and spoiled during pregnancy. They almost always ended up with some problem during birth because they simply were not fit, having been told to “rest” during pregnancy.
Culturally, birth is quite a public event. In the small barrios, or villages, there is little privacy and the sights and sounds of birth are common. Mothers often stay with their birthing daughters, and aunts and sisters pitch in to help. There are good things and bad things about this. The baby becomes a “family baby” who is comfortable with everyone in the extended family, but it can cause a lack of bonding with the mother and lead to breastfeeding problems, as grandma takes baby away and gives him or her a bottle of formula or sugar water so mom can rest.
Filipinos consider the colostrum “dirty milk” and often don’t put the baby to breast for a day or two after birth. By that time, of course, engorgement has started and the baby is bottle-spoiled. Breastfeeding problems are a huge issue because milk formula companies advertise heavily. It is a status symbol to have your baby bottle-fed. The poor people water down expensive powder and end up with a thin, pale baby who is starving, and a mom whose breasts are painfully overfull of delicious natural milk.
One of the most beautiful sights I’ve seen as a midwife was a woman on our birthing stool, supported by her brother-in-law. The husband was overseas and had asked his brother to be his representative. The brother held the laboring woman in his arms, straining with her, and wept tears of joy when the baby was born. This is real brotherhood, taken seriously by Filipinos!
We always hated to have to transport our moms and held off until there was no other option. Hospitals here are divided between the rich and the poor. The good hospitals, available to those who can afford them, are clean, modern and caring. The government hospitals, where urban poor women can scarcely afford to go, are supposedly modern and accepting. The reality is that unless you have cash-in-hand and extra family members to stay with you, bring food and demand attention, the care is casual and medicines are often unavailable. Every cotton ball, glove and syringe must be paid for. Even with a health plan, the system is overloaded and cumbersome.
I’ve stood open-mouthed in government hospital delivery rooms watching an OB go from woman to woman, doing vaginal exams with one glove, never changed or washed. I’ve seen a doctor take a tray of instruments from an autoclave and run them under tap water because they were “too hot.” I’ve gasped in horror as an emergency room resident, exhausted and cranky from too many hours on duty, slapped my patient in the face when she got down on all fours during a contraction. I cleaned red biting ants off the perineum of a postpartum mom almost unconscious from hemorrhage and dehydration as she lay in a bed with four other women. I’ve seen episiotomy scars that extended three inches into the buttock and gaping vaginal holes of separated tissue from a broken-down episiotomy.
In spite of all the horrors women experience at the hands of poorly educated doctors and ill-equipped hospitals, there are many beautiful things about birth here, if done in a natural setting. There is patience with the process—no one gets upset if it takes too long. There is a sort of fatalism that prevents premature panic. The Filipino midwives I worked with were excellent at not panicking and I learned from them. I learned to wait for the mother’s body to acquaint itself with the birth process and for the baby to begin the birth when she was ready. I learned to wait for third stage. I learned that the human body is an awesome work of art that will do its best to fulfill natural functions when not interrupted.
The Filipino culture lends itself to the love of children and family. These are the highest values of all. For the most part, children are greatly treasured, enjoyed and held. One of my favorite births ever was with a 48-year-old woman named Rebecca who was having her 11th child. She walked into Gentle Hands in the morning, gave birth quietly and without a sound at noon, and by late afternoon had gone home, new baby boy Isaac in her arms, to cook dinner for her family. Peaceful laughter filled the room when she gave birth. Her body was toned and fit and her face was alight with the joy. I was in awe of this mighty woman and the power within her. She is a perfect example of birth done right in every way. The Filipino way.

Denie Heppner is a missionary midwife who has lived in the Philippines since 1987. She and her husband, Dennis, founded Gentle Hands, Inc., in 1990 as a birthing clinic and a way to educate and provide safe childbirth for urban poor women. From 1990 to 2005, about 5000 babies were born under Denie’s supervision with skilled Filipino midwives whom she had trained. Gentle Hands is now a child rescue center. Denie is now retired and a full-time stay-at-home mom to Emma Rose, her 4-year-old adopted Filipino daughter. Visit Denie’s blog at

Birthing Beliefs in the Philippines

by Amy Wilde, Demand Media

 

Many Filipino women put great care into their appearance while pregnant, believing that this will make their baby more beautiful.

 

Traditional culture in the Philippines puts a very high value on the family -- and motherhood in particular. The birth of a baby is not just a private affair for one couple or family; it is a culturally significant event to be celebrated by the whole community. In the Philippines, pregnancy, birth and the time period after is surrounded by a wide variety of beliefs, traditional practices and rituals that involve both mother and infant.

 

Pregnancy

According to Filipino beliefs, how a pregnant woman acts, the things that happen to her and even what she thinks can all have a major impact on her growing baby. Pregnant Filipino women have a long list of recommendations, warnings and taboos that restrict their behavior until they give birth. For example, a pregnant woman's food cravings must be fulfilled promptly or she may suffer a miscarriage. A pregnant women should not wear anything around her neck or the baby may get strangled by his umbilical cord. A pregnant woman should also avoid looking at anything ugly, scary or blemished, because that could cause the baby to be born disfigured.

Birth

There are many Filipino cultural beliefs that apply to the birth of the baby as well. Guests at the birth standing too near the door could create complications in labor. A laboring women should place squash leaves on her abdomen and hold onto hard objects to lessen labor pains. Coconut water can also lessen labor pain. The mother should avoid touching others while in labor or her pain may be transferred to them. It is common for many people to attend the birth, particularly female family members.

Postpartum Care

Burying the placenta, or afterbirth, as soon as possible after labor is thought necessary to end labor pains and bleeding. The baby's father is often in charge of this task. Mothers must be kept very warm, rest completely and stay inside for 30 to 40 days after the birth. According to Filipino beliefs, this helps the mother heal, helps her womb dry up and keeps "cold" or "wind" from getting inside her body. She is also given special foods to eat so she can make the most nourishing milk. Relatives take over the mother's work and take care of her while she recovers.

Infant Care

Newborn babies are also kept very warm and are protected from anything that might startle or frighten them. The mother's first milk, colostrum, is considered dirty in Filipino culture, so relatives feed the baby sugar water or formula for a few days until the mother's regular milk comes in. Some women also believe that their emotions can be transmitted through breast milk and may avoid feeding their babies when they are upset or angry. These beliefs, combined with communal baby care practices and formula marketing in the Philippines, can sometimes lead to problems with breastfeeding. Overall, however, the extended family is extremely conscientious about seeing that all the needs of new mothers and their babies are met completely.